As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, "Most people do not even know their fourth cousins but somehow manage to
select as friends the people who resemble our kin."
professor of……Diego是同位语从句，补充说明JF的身份
but连接两个并列的谓语do not even know和manage
the people who resemble our kin as friends 作为宾语，其中as friends是宾语补足语，由于宾语过长所以提前；who引导定语从句，修饰people
翻译：正如加州大学圣地亚哥分校的以学遗传学教授JF所说，大部分人甚至不知道自己隔了好几重的远亲，但却总是莫名其妙地选择跟自己亲戚相似的人做朋友。
Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit——and then
they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.
only if/when引起倒装，only if/when+条件状语从句+will sb do sth，本句的条件状语从句有三个并列成分arrive……，register……，and start……
翻译：只有当失业的人拿着简历到就业中心去，在网上注册求职并开始找工作，他们才有资格领取救济，然后他们必须每周汇报一次求职进展而不是每两周一次。
But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
suggest v.建议，推荐，使想到，使认为，表明
句子主干为today's social indices hardly suggset a dark and deteriorating social environment
前面是when引导的时间状语从句，完整的句子应该是when today's social indices are viewed against America's turblent past
翻译：但是，尤其是和美国动荡的过去对比，今天的社会指数几乎没有表明任何黑暗和堕落的社会环境。