Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.
在大学之前，学生也能从学习编程相关的东西中获益。在大学里，介绍性的计算机科学课程被排的很满，这些课程会让一些缺少经验或者意志不坚定的学生退缩。
学生在上大学之前学习编程同样能有所手货，因为在大学里计算机的入门课程都被安排的满满的，这让那些缺乏经验或者意志力不坚定的学生望而却步。
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 precent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
outline v.概述，勾勒……的外形n.概述，梗概，轮廓线
但是这篇文章是积极的，它概述了一种解决这个问题的潜在方法，认为这种包括一个小时的接近零成本的计划的方案可以缩小第一代学生和其他学生的由这些因素衡量出来的分数的成绩差距。
但是文章描述的情形很乐观，因为它概述了这一问题可能的解决方案。文章认为这个方案（包括一个时长一小时且几乎没有成本的计划）可以缩小第一代学生和其他学生63%的（由分数等因素来评估的）学业差距。
It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.
in much the same way……方式状语，后面是省略了that的定语从句our muscles do，修饰way
研究表明，大脑就像肌肉一样需要锻炼，正确的锻炼方法可以极大的提高我们的基本认知功能。