But Dr.Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with.
主干：Simonsohn speculated that，that引导宾语从句
they were working with是定语从句，修饰information
翻译：但是S博士推测，无法考虑大局使得决策者对他们日常处理的样本的信息产生偏见。
修正：但是S博士推断，无法考虑大局会导致决策者因受到日常给接触信息样本的影响而产生偏见。
Those forced to exercise smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.
just the other way around正好相反
那些被迫练习微笑肌肉的人对有趣的卡通的反应相比于那些困在皱眉之中的人更加地热情，这表明表情能影响情绪而不是情绪影响表情。
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values.
fully integrated into 完全融入
fully share its values 完全同意其价值观
第一句的主干是No clear-cut distinction can be drawn
between professionals and amateurs in science是状语
exceptions can be found to any rule是同位语
第二句主干是the word "amateur" does carry a connotation
that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values 是同位语从句，修饰connotation
翻译：在专业和业余之间的清楚界限很难被划分：任何领域都由例外。然而业余确实带有一种内涵——即相关人员并没有完全融入科学社区，特别的，并不完全认同这个群体的价值观。
修正：在科学领域之内，专业和业余之间没有绝对的区分：任何规律都有其例外。但“业余”这个词的确意味着相关人员没有完全融入某个职业科学界，尤其是，他可能并不完全认同这个群体的价值观。